八人 [py] ba1ren2 [wg] pa-jen [ko] p'arin [ja] ハチニン hachinin ||| Also written 八忍. The third of the ten bhuumis. The stage of the eight tolerances. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八勝解 [py] ba1sheng4jie3 [wg] pa-sheng-chieh [ko] palsûnghae [ja] ハチショウゲ hachishouge ||| The eight excellent liberations. Same as 八解脱. [Dictionary References] naka1104a [Credit] acm(entry)

八十八使 [py] ba1shi2ba1 shi3 [wg] pa-shih-pa shih [ko] p'alship'al sa [ja] ハチジュウハッシ hachijuuhasshi ||| The eighty-eight afflicted mental states of the conditioned world. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八句義 [py] ba1ju4yi4 [wg] pa-kou-i [ko] p'alguûi [ja] ハチクギ hachikugi ||| The 'eight phrases' which express the Chan tradition's self-described fundamental characteristics, which are related to direct perception of reality, rather than academic study: (1) zhengfayancang 正法眼藏 - Treasury of the eye of the true dharma. (2) niepanmiaoxin 涅槃妙心 - The subtle mind of nirvaana. (3) shixiangWuxiang 實相無相 - True marks are no marks. (4) weimiaofamen 微妙法門 - The extremely subtle dharma-gate. (5) buliwenzi 不立文字 - No establishment of words and letters. (6) jiaowaibiechuan 教外別傳 - The distinct transmission outside of the teachings. (7) zhizhirenxin 直指人心 - Directly pointing to the mind of man. (8) jianxingchengfo 見性成佛 - Seeing the nature is the attainment of Buddhahood. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八地 [py] ba1di4 [wg] pa-ti [ko] palji [ja] ハチジ hachiji ||| The eighth of the ten bhuumis. A critical stage of practice, during which all remaining manifest 現行 defilements are eliminated.〔二障義HPC 1.804c〕 [Dictionary References] naka1103b [Credit] acm(entry)

八妄想 [py] ba1wang4xiang3 [wg] pa-wang-hsiang [ko] palmangsang [ja] ハチモウソウ hachimousou ||| Eight kinds of deluded perception. See 八種分別. 〔顯揚論, T 1602.31.558b14-19〕 [Credit] acm(entry)

八宗綱要 [py] Ba1zong1 gang1yao4 [wg] Pa-tsung kang-yao [ko] Paljong kangyo [ja] ハッシュウコウヨウ Hasshuukouyou ||| The Hasshuukouyou (Outline of the Eight Schools), by Gyounen 凝然. 2 fasc., completed in 1286. A broad introductory sketch which gives the history, doctrine and major teachers of the eight schools which were transmitted to Nara Buddhism in Japan. Popular as an introduction to Buddhism for serious students in Japan down to the present day. This work, while valuable as a source of facts, contains a strong bias, in that it complete omits the discussion of Korea in the transmission of Buddhism from China to Japan. Translated into English by Leo Pruden in the Numata project with the title The Essentials of the Eight Traditions. [Credit] acm(entry)

八正道 [py] ba1zheng4dao4 [wg] pa-cheng-tao [ko] paljôngdo [ja] ハッショウドウ hasshoudou ||| The correct (noble) eightfold path, taught by `Saakyamuni in his first sermon, and which remains one of the cornerstones of Buddhist practice. Also written 八聖道. Eight types of practices used in conjuction with each other to lead sentient beings to liberation. These are: (1) right view 正見; (2) right thought 正思惟, (3) right speech 正語; (4) right action 正業; (5) right livelihood 正命; (6) right effort 正精進; (7) right mindfulness 正念 and (8) right concentration 正定. (aaryaa.s.taa.ngo-maargo) [Credit] acm(entry)

八種分別 [py] ba1zhong3 fen1bie2 [wg] pa-chung fen-pieh [ko] paljong punbyôl [ja] ハッシュフンベツ hasshu funbetsu ||| Eight kind of discrimination in the Yogaacaara soteriological thought. Also called the 八妄想: the discrimination of self-nature 自性分別; the discrimination of differentiation; the discrimination of general attachment 差別分別; the discrimination of a self 我分別; the discrimination of objects of a self 我所分別; the discrimination of attached love 愛分別; the discrimination of lack of attached love 不愛分別, the discrimination of attached love and its lack as different from each other 愛不愛分別. 〔二障義、 HPC 1.799c; 瑜伽論T 1579.30.489c12-15〕 [Credit] acm(entry)

八聖道 [py] ba1sheng4dao4 [wg] pa-sheng-tao [ko] palsôngdo [ja] ハッショウド hasshoudou ||| The correct (noble) eightfold path, taught by `Saakyamuni in his first sermon, and which remains one of the cornerstones of Buddhist practice. See 八正道. (aaryaa.s.taa.ngo-maargo) [Credit] acm(entry)

八苦 [py] ba1ku3 [wg] pa-k'u [ko] palgo [ja] はっく hakku ||| The eight kinds of suffering taught by `Saakyamuni in his exposition of the Four Noble Truths 四諦. Also commonly expressed as 四苦八苦 (see that entry for full explanation). [Credit] acm(entry)

八藏 [py] ba1zang4 [wg] pa-tsang [ko] paljang [ja] ハチゾウ hachizou ||| According to Nakamura, these are 胎化藏, 中陰藏, 摩訶衍方等藏, 戒律藏, 十住藏, 雜藏, 金剛藏 and 佛藏. [Dictionary References] naka1104b [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八解脱 [py] ba1 jie3tuo1 [wg] pa-chieh-t'uo [ko] p'alhet'al [ja] ハチゲダツ hachigedatsu ||| Eight kinds of liberation, based on meditational efforts. These eight can vary according to the text. The set listed in the Yogaacaarabhuumi-`saastra is: (1) 内有色想觀外色解脱; (2) 内無色想觀外色解脱; (3) 淨身作證具足作解脱; (4) 空無邊處解脱; (5) 識無邊處解脱; (6) 無所有處解脱; (7) 非想非非想處解脱; (8) 滅盡定解脱. 〔瑜伽論T 1579.30.328c17-21〕 [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八邪 [py] ba1xie2 [wg] pa-hsieh [ko] p'alsa [ja] ハチジャ hachija ||| Eight kinds of evil (errors). Wrong view, wrong thought, wrong speech, wrong action, wrong livelihood, wrong mindfulness, wrong effort, wrong concentration. The opposite to the Eightfold Noble Path. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八部 [py] ba1bu4 [wg] pa-pu [ko] palbu [ja] ハチブ hachibu ||| Eight kinds of spiritual beings which are usually introduced at the end of Buddhist scriptures as protectors of the dharma. See 八部衆. [Dictionary References] naka1105d [Credit] acm(entry)

八部衆 [py] ba1bu4 zhong4 [wg] pa-pu-chung [ko] p'albujung [ja] ハチブシュ hachibuju ||| Eight kinds of beings from Indian mythology. Formerly they were evil, but now having been converted by the Buddha, they protect his dharma. They are: (1) devas 天 [gods], (2) naagas 龍 [snake kings], (3) yak.sas 夜叉 [spirits of the dead who fly about in the night] , (4) ghandharvas 乾闥婆 [half-ghost music masters], (5) asuras 阿修羅 [demigods of evil disposition], (6) garu.da 迦樓羅 [golden-winged birds which eat dragons], (7) ki.mnara 緊那羅 [neither human nor not human] and (8) mahoraga 摩?羅迦 [snake spirits]. [Dictionary References] naka1105d [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

八難 [py] ba1nan2 [wg] pa-nan [ko] p'alnan [ja] ハチナン hachinan ||| 'Eight difficulties.' Eight circumstances in which it is difficult to see the Buddha or hear his teaching: (1) The condition of a hell-being; (2) Hungry ghost; (3) Animal; (4) In the long-life heavens (where life is long and easy); (5) In Uttara-kuru (the northern continent where all is pleasant); (6) As deaf, blind or dumb; (7) As a worldly philosopher; (8) In the intermediate time between the life of a Buddha and his successor. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六凡四聖 [py] liu4fan2 si4sheng4 [wg] liu-fan shih-sheng [ko] yukpômsasông [ja] ロクボンシショウ rokubonshishou ||| Ten realms. The first six are the unenlightened worlds of hell-being, hungry ghost, animal, asura, human and god. The latter four are the enlightened world of `sraavaka, pratyekabuddha, bodhisattva and Buddha. [Dictionary References] naka1459d [Credit] acm(entry) ps(py)

六十二見 [py] liu4shi2er4 jian4 [wg] liu-shih-erh chien [ko] yungsibigyôn [ja] ロクジュウニケン rokujuuniken ||| The sixty-two (mistaken) views. Varying versions of the sixty-two can be found in the Vimalakiirti-nirde`sa-suutra 維摩經, the Mahaaparinirvaana-suutra, the Abhidharmako`sa-bhaasya 倶舎論and others. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六和敬 [py] liu4he2 jing4 [wg] lui-hua-ching [ko] yuk'wagyông [ja] ロクワキョウ rokuwakyou ||| Six ways that Buddhist practitioners should live in harmony and be sensitive and caring towards each other: (1) To unify their respectful deportment to be the same; (2) To unify their chanting; (3) To unify their purpose; (4) to unify their practices of purity; (5) to unify their view; (6) to unify their benefits. Other sets of six may be seen in various scriptures. [Dictionary References] naka1461 [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六喩 [py] liu4yu4 [wg] liu-yü [ko] yungyu [ja] ロクユ rokuyu ||| "Six metaphors" (1) In the Diamond Sutra 金剛經, six examples of emptiness and impermanence: Dream, illusion, foam (bubbles), shadow, dew and lightning (T vol. 8 , p. 752b). (2) In the Vimalakiirti-nirde`sa-suutra 維摩經 they are: illusion, lightning, dream, fire, the moon reflecting in the water and the images reflected in a mirror. (3) In the Guanfo sanmei hai jing 觀佛三昧海經 (T 643) the six metaphors reflect the various virtues of remembering the Buddha's name. (4) In Kihwa's O ka hae sôlûi 五家解説誼, the six metaphors are six colors which represent six aspects of the enlightened mind. HPC 7.15c3-15 [Dictionary References] naka1460c [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六因 [py] liu4yin1 [wg] liu-yin [ko] yug'in [ja] ロクイン rokuin ||| Six kinds of causes: creatable causes 能作因; co-existent causes 倶有因; concomitant causes 相應因; causes of same type 同種因; pervasively operating causes 遍行因 and heterogeneous causes 異熟因. [Dictionary References] naka1119b [Credit] acm(entry)

六妙法門 [py] Liu4 miao4fa3 men2 [wg] Liu miao-fa men [ko] Yuk myobôp mun [ja] ロクミョウホウモン Roku myouhou mon ||| Liu miaofa men; 1 fasc., by Zhiyi 智��. T 1917.46.549-554. [Credit] acm(entry)

六度 [py] liu4du4 [wg] liu-tu [ko] yukto [ja] ロクト rokudo ||| The Six Perfections (paaramitaas). Same as liu boluomi 六波羅蜜: charity, morality, patience, effort, meditation, wisdom. The six excellent practices which lead one to the "other shore" of liberation. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六染 [py] liu4ran3 [wg] liu-jan [ko] yug'yôm [ja] ロクゼン rokuzen ||| See 六染心. [Credit] acm(entry)

六染心 [py] liu4ran3xin1 [wg] liu-jan-hsin [ko] yugyômsim [ja] ロクネンシン rokuzenshin ||| The six kinds of defiled mind taught in the Awakening of Faith 起信論. Although the essence of the mind is originally pure, ignorance arises based on non-enlightenment, and the mind becomes tainted by defilement, which can be seen in six aspects: defilement related to attachment 執相應染, defilement related to non-interruption 不斷相應染, defilement related to discriminating wisdom 分別智相應染, defilement unrelated to manifest form 現色不相應, defilement unrelated to the mind of subject views 能見心不相應染 and defilement unrelated to fundamental karma 根本業不相應染.〔大乘起信論、 T 1666.32.577c〕The first two of these are associated with the first six consciousnesses 六識, the third is associated with the seventh consciousness 第七識 and the final three with the eighth consciousness 第八識. 〔二障義HPC 1.795a〕 [Dictionary References] naka1456a [Credit] acm(entry)

六波羅蜜 [py] liu4 po1luo2mi4 [wg] liu p'o-lo-mi [ko] yukp'aramil [ja] ロクヒラミツ rokuharamitsu ||| The six perfections. The pure practices of the bodhisattva which are all carried out with an attitude of detachment from personal gain (based on the wisdom of emptiness). They are charity, morality, patience, effort, meditation and wisdom. One text that gives an in-depth discussion of the 六波羅蜜 is the `Suuramgama-samaadhi-suutra 首楞嚴三昧經 (T vol. 15, p. 629-645). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六煩惱 [py] liu4fan2nao3 [wg] liu-fan-nao [ko] yukpônnoe [ja] ロクボンノウ rokubonnou ||| The six primary defilements, from which all of the secondary defilements 隨煩惱 are derived: desire (greed, craving) 貪 (also written 愛), anger 瞋, ignorance 癡, pride 慢, doubt 疑and false views 見. See also 煩惱. [Dictionary References] naka1459d [Credit] acm(entry)

六相 [py] liu4xiang1 [wg] liu-hsiang [ko] ryuksang [ja] ロクソウ rokusou ||| Six characteristics observable in existent things according to the Huayan 華嚴 school. These are: totality 總, distinction 別, sameness 同, difference 異, formation 成 and disintegration 壞. In Huayan philosophy these are considered to be completely interpenetrated with each other. [Dictionary References] naka1456b [Credit] acm(entry)

六祖壇經 [py] Liu4zu3 tan2jing1 [wg] Liu-tsu t'an-ching [ko] Yukcho dangyông [ja] ロクソダンキョウ Rokuso dankyou ||| The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch,T 2008.48.346a-362b. Centered on the discourse given at Shao-chou 韶州 temple by the 6th Chan patriarch Huineng 慧能, this text contains all his recorded sayings and doings. The most important topics of the discourse are sudden enlightenment, the direct perception of one's true nature and the unity in essence of `siila, dhyaana and praj~naa. The so-called Southern (sudden) school of Chinese Buddhism based their doctrine on this extremely influential scripture. Translated into English by Philip Yampolsky. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六種因 [py] liu4zhong3yin1 [wg] liu-chung-yin [ko] yukchong'in [ja] ロクシュイン rokushuin ||| See 六因. [Dictionary References] naka1452d [Credit] acm(entry)

六種染心 [py] liu4zhong3 ran3xin1 [wg] liu-chung jan-hsin [ko] yukjong yômsim [ja] ロクシュネンシン rokushu zenshin ||| See 六染心. [Credit] acm(entry)

六行 [py] liu4xing2 [wg] liu-hsing [ko] yunghaeng [ja] ロクコウ rokugyou ||| (1) The six practices (of the bodhisattva), i.e., the six perfections [六度]. (2) In the 金剛三昧經, the practice of the ten faiths 十信, ten Abidings 十住, ten practices 十行, ten returnings of merit 十廻向, ten bhuumi 十地 and equal enlightenment 等覺. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

六識 [py] liu4shi4 [wg] liu-shih [ko] yugsik [ja] ロクシキ rokushiki ||| The six consciousness, which are the function of the six organs 六根 of eye 眼, ear 耳, nose 鼻, tongue 舌, skin 身, and reasoning 意 in their apprehension of the six objects of form 色, sound 聲, smell 香, taste 味, touch 觸 and symbols 法, attained in the acts of seeing 見, hearing 聞, smelling 嗅, tasting 味, touching 觸 and knowing 知. In Yogaacaara Buddhism, there are further underling consciousnesses beyond these six 二識. [Dictionary References] naka1452b [Credit] acm(entry)

六賊 [py] liu4zei2 [wg] liu-tsei [ko] yungjôk [ja] ロクゾク rokusoku ||| The "six thieves." The six faculties 六根 of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin and mind which engender affliction. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

具足 [py] ju4zu2 [wg] chü-tsu [ko] kujok [ja] グゾク guzoku ||| (1) Be endowed with, be provided with; be prepared, possess, have [備]. (upeta, sampad). (2) To be fully furnished, be complete, lacking nothing. (3) Perfection, completion (paripuurna). (4) In detail, with great care; completely. (5) The endowment of the practitioner with the precepts of the order. (6) Implement, tool, utensil. (7) The complete set of precepts given to the monk or nun who enters the order. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

具陳 [py] ju4 chen2 [wg] chü-chen [ko] kujin [ja] グチン guchin ||| To describe in detail. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)