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See the character “y in CJKDict
“y [py] tu3 [wg] t'u [ko] t'o [ja] ƒh do ||| (1) Earth, ground, land, soil. (2) Country, region. (3) A residence. (4) Countryside, hometown. (5) As "earth" one of the five elements (Wuxing Œάs) in early Chinese cosmology. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character έ in CJKDict
έ [py] zai4 [wg] tsai [ko] chae [ja] ƒUƒC zai ||| (1) To be, to exist. At, in, on. (2) To consist in, to rest with. To be present. (3) With reference to; in the case of. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

έˆ¬ [py] zai4wo4 [wg] tsai-wo [ko] chaeak [ja] ƒUƒCƒAƒN zaiaku ||| To be in one's hand; be in the hand; be at hand. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

έ“Z [py] zai4chan2 [wg] tsai-ch'an [ko] chaejôn [ja] ƒUƒCƒeƒ“ zaiten ||| Being in a stage of confusion resulting from adhesion to defilements. The ideograph “Z means "shackled" by defilement. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ’n in CJKDict
’n [py] di4 [wg] ti [ko] chi [ja] ƒ`AƒW chi, ji ||| (1) Earth, the earth, the ground (esp. as contrasted to heaven “V). (2) A land, a country, territory. (3) A place, a scene, a location, a situation, a position. A stage in the progression on the path towards enlightenment. (4) The spirit of the land. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

’nŽ˜_ [py] Di4chi2lun4 [wg] Ti-ch'ih lun [ko] Chijiron [ja] ƒWƒWƒƒ“ Jijiron ||| Dichi lun See Pusa dichijing •μŽF’nŽγS. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

’n– [py] di4yu4 [wg] ti-yü [ko] chiok [ja] ƒWƒSƒN jigoku ||| Translated into English as "hell" but literally refers to a prison in the bowels of the earth where it prisoners are subject to all kinds of torture as a result of their extensive evil activities in their prior life (such as violating the precepts ”j‰ϊ). The original Indic terms of naraka and niraya (Sanskrit and Pali) are transliterated into Chinese as “ή—Ž (“ί—Ž) and “Dκt respectively. It is considered as one of the three evil destinies ŽOœ¦“Ή (ŽOœ¦Žο) five destinies ŒάŽο, six destinies ˜Z“Ή, and ten realms \ŠE. The scriptures have extensive categories and lists of the hells, among the most well-known are the eight hot hells ”ͺ”M’n– (”ͺ‘ε’n–) and eight cold hells ”ͺŠ¦’n– that extend between the sa.mjiiva “™Šˆ and aviici ˆ’•@ hells, which are all part of the primary hells ͺ–{’n–. These also have secondary, or adjacent hells attached to them. A third class of hells are the "isolated" hells ŒΗ’n– in the mountains, deserts, below and above the earth. The composition of and relationship between the hells is explained in detail in such scriptures as the Abhidharmako`sa-bhaasya ‹δŽΙ˜_. As one might expect, this extensive theory of hells developed over a long period of time, based on numerous sources and influences in Indian religion. All of the Buddhist dictionaries listed in the references for this entry contain extensive detail regarding the lists and attributes of the hells. [Dictionary References] iwa347 naka561d soot207 [Credit] acm(entry)

’n‘ •μŽF–{ŠθγS [py] Di4zang4 pu2sa4 ben3yuan4 jing1 [wg] Ti-tsang p'u-sa pen-yüan ching [ko] Chijang posal ponwôn kyông [ja] ƒWƒ]ƒEƒ{ƒTƒcƒzƒ“ƒKƒ“ƒLƒ‡ƒE Jizou bosatsu hongan kyou ||| Dizang pusa benyuan jing; 2 fasc., trans. `Siksaananda ›‰³“ο‘Ι. T 412.13.777c-790a. [Credit] acm(entry)

’n˜_ [py] Di4lun4 [wg] Ti-lun [ko] Chiron [ja] ƒ`ƒƒ“ Jiron ||| Dilun See \’nγS˜_. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ‹Ο in CJKDict
‹Ο”@ [py] Jun1ru2 [wg] Chün-ju [ko] Kyunyô [ja] ƒLƒ“ƒjƒ‡ Kinnyo ||| Kyunyô, an influential Hwaôm scholar of the Koryô period. He commented prolifically on the works of the Chinese Huayan patriarchs, and lay the ground for the future rapprochement of Hwaôm and Sôn by his accommodating attitude stance toward the latter. His works are an important source for modern scholarship in terms of identifying the distinctive nature of Korean Hwaôm. One of the documents related to Kyunyô, the Kyunyô-jôn ‹Ο”@™B), has been translated into English by Adrian Buzo and Tony Prince. [Credit] acm(entry)

See the character –V in CJKDict
–V [py] fang2 [wg] fang [ko] pang [ja] ƒ{ƒE bou ||| (1) A monk or priest's residence. (2) A subdivision of a city; a neighborhood, a ward. (3) A workshop; a store. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character Ώ in CJKDict
Ώ [py] zuo4 [wg] tso [ko] chwa [ja] ƒU za ||| (1) To sit. (2) A seat. (3) Preserve, protect, hold to. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ’R in CJKDict
’R•Ά [py] Tan3wen2 [wg] T'an-wen [ko] T'anmun [ja] ƒ^ƒ“ƒuƒ“ Tanbun ||| (900-975) Tanmun; a major Hwaôm scholar of the Koryô period. [Credit] acm(entry)

See the character ‚ in CJKDict
‚ [py] chui2 [wg] ch'ui [ko] su [ja] ƒXƒC sui ||| (1) To suspend, hang down, droop, lower, dangle. (2) Sag, drip, trickle. (3) Leave behind, give, confer. (4) Be on the verge of; be close to. (5) To condescend; be favorable to. [Dictionary References] naka806a [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character C in CJKDict
C [py] gou4 [wg] kou [ko] ku [ja] ƒN ku ||| (1) Dirt, filth (mala). (2) A term for defilement. The quality of defilements being impurity, they permeate the mind and taint it. (3) An abbreviation of fannaogou [”Οœ»C], the 'six filths' which are produced from original defilement. They are vexation [œ»], harming [ŠQ], resentment [¦], flattery [ζz], deception [ζs], and haughtiness [?]. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ι in CJKDict
ι [py] cheng2 [wg] ch'eng [ko] sông [ja] ƒWƒ‡ƒE jou ||| (1) A (walled) city, castle, citadel. (2) In India, a forest where ascetics carry out mendicant practices. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character Ž· in CJKDict
Ž· [py] zhi2 [wg] chih [ko] chip [ja] ƒVƒ…ƒE shuu ||| 'Attachment.' Deluded attachment to things. (abhinive`sa). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

Ž·Ž [py] zhi2chi2 [wg] chih-ch'ih [ko] chipchi [ja] ƒVƒ…ƒEƒW shuuji ||| (1) The function of the mind to perceive anything as its object. (2) A firm, unscattered mind of faith or concentration. (3) To hold something in the hand. (4) The seventh or eighth consciousness. See Ž·ŽŽ―. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

Ž·ŽŽ― [py] zhi2chi2shi4 [wg] chih-ch'ih-shih [ko] chipchisik [ja] ƒVƒ…ƒEƒWƒVƒL shuujishiki ||| The maintaining consciousness. See aadaana-vij~naana ˆ’‘Ι“ίŽ―. [Credit] acm(entry)

Ž·’˜ [py] zhi2zhuo2 [wg] chih-chu [ko] chipchô [ja] ƒVƒ…ƒEƒWƒƒƒN shuujaku ||| (abhinive`sa, nibhandhana); 'attachment.' Holding to things and being unable to let go. Grasping. To think about something and be unable to forget about it. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character “° in CJKDict
“° [py] tang2 [wg] t'ang [ko] tang [ja] ƒhƒE dou ||| (1) A hall, a reception room; a meeting place. Temple, shrine. (2) State chamber, a court of justice. (3) Venerable, grave. (4) An open place on the hills. (5) Flourishing, excellent. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character Œ˜ in CJKDict
Œ˜ [py] jian1 [wg] chien [ko] kyôn [ja] ƒPƒ“ ken ||| (kathina). (1) Hard, strong, solid, firm, rigid. (2) The hardness that can be seen in a rock. The special quality of the element earth. (3) Determined, obstinate. To maintain. (4) To harden, solidify, strengthen. (5) Armor. (6) Heavy. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

Œ˜ŒΕ [py] jian1gu4 [wg] chien-ku [ko] kyôngo [ja] ƒPƒ“ƒS kengo ||| (1) Solid, firm. (2) Possessing an inherent tendency towards permanence (anitya-asaara-sa.mj~naa). (3) Concretely existent (dhrdha-saara). (4) Unrelenting, non-retreating, non-backsliding. (5) Definitely. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

Œ˜Ž· [py] jian1zhi2 [wg] chien-chih [ko] kyônchip [ja] ƒPƒ“ƒVƒ…ƒE kenshuu ||| Rigid attachement; to hold firmly to. kΰο‰Ύ˜_T 1579.30.622al [Credit] acm(entry)

Œ˜›‰S [py] jian1shi2xin1 [wg] chien-shih-hsin [ko] kyônsilsim [ja] ƒPƒ“ƒWƒcƒVƒ“ kenjitsushin ||| The real mind which all sentient beings are endowed with. The mind of true thusness; the mind as it is in its true nature. One of the four kinds of mind ŽlS. [Credit] acm(entry)

See the character Š¬ in CJKDict
Š¬”\ [py] kan1neng2 [wg] k'an-neng [ko] kamnûng [ja] ƒJƒ“ƒmƒE kannou ||| Skill, mastery, flexibility, adaptability. (karmanya); often seen used together with its near-synonym diaorou ’²_. One is unable to experience this kind of flexibility when bound by the coarse defilements κed. kΰο‰Ύ˜_T 1579.30.657al [Credit] acm(entry)

See the character •ρ in CJKDict
•ρ [py] bao4 [wg] pao [ko] po [ja] ƒzƒE hou ||| (1) Reward, result (phala). Retribution, recompense. (2) To announce, to tell, to inform, to report, to declare. A newspaper. (3) Answer, response, reward, reply. (4) Handle, deal with. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

•ρ‰»˜Ε [py] bao4hua4fo2 [wg] pao-hua-fo [ko] pohwabul [ja] ƒzƒEƒPƒuƒc houkebutsu ||| The reward-body buddha (sa.mbhoga-kaaya) and the transformation-body buddha (nirmaana-kaaya). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

•ρœδ [py] bao4ying4 [wg] pao-ying [ko] poûng [ja] ƒzƒEƒIƒE houou ||| The law of karma. The flawless connection of cause and effect. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

•ρg [py] bao4shen1 [wg] pao-shen [ko] posin [ja] ƒzƒEƒVƒ“ houshin ||| Reward body of the buddha. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character “ƒ in CJKDict
“ƒ [py] ta3 [wg] t'a [ko] t'ap [ja] ƒgƒE tou ||| (1) A stuupa, i.e., a mound where the remains of a great sage are buried. (2) A temple. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

“ƒ•_ [py] ta3miao4 [wg] t'a-miao [ko] t'ammyo [ja] ƒgƒEƒrƒ‡ƒE toubyou ||| Pagodas and temples. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character o in CJKDict
o [py] chen2 [wg] ch'en [ko] chin [ja] ƒWƒ“ jin ||| (1) Object. synonymous with ‹« (artha, visaya, gocara). (2) Material object(s). This world. (3) Impurity, pollution (rajas, paamsu). (4) Defilement, affliction (upakle`sa). (5) Stain, blot, dirt, flow, shortcoming. (6) Atom; minute particle; dust mote. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

o’ [py] chen2shi4 [wg] ch'en-shih [ko] chinse [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒZƒC jinse ||| (1) The defiled realm; secular world. (2) Objective realm. [Credit] acm(entry)

o’†ŠiŠO [py] chen2zhong1 ge2wai4 [wg] ch'en-chung ko-wai [ko] chinjung kyôkoe [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒ`ƒ…ƒEƒJƒNƒKƒC jinchuu kakugai ||| Mundane and transmundane. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

o™§ [py] chen2lao2 [wg] ch'en-lao [ko] chinno [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒƒE jinrou ||| Affliction that fatigues the mind. 'Defilement.' The pollution of the mind that causes it to continue transmigrating through life and death. (2) To be defiled by affliction. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

oC [py] chen2gou4 [wg] ch'en-kou [ko] chin'gu [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒN jin'ku ||| Objective filth; defilement (upakle`sa). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

o›Ž [py] chen2huan2 [wg] ch'en-huan [ko] chinhwan [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒJƒ“ jinkan ||| The defiled realm, or objective realm. Synonymous with o‹«. [Credit] acm(entry)

oΉ [py] chen2 sha1 [wg] ch'en-sha [ko] chinsa [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒWƒƒ jinja ||| 'Dust and sand,' i.e., 'numberless as atoms.' In Tiantai doctrine this term can refer to the trial of the bodhisattva as he faces the vast amount of detail in knowledge and operation required for his task of saving sentient beings. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

oΉ˜f [py] chen2sha1 huo4 [wg] ch'en-sha-huo [ko] chinsahok [ja] ƒWƒ“ƒWƒƒƒƒN jinjawaku ||| The lack of ability to correctly discern the true nature of the numberless phenomena of the world. A term coined by Zhiyi. [Dictionary References] naka799b [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ‹« in CJKDict
‹« [py] jing4 [wg] ching [ko] kyông [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒE kyou ||| (1) Object, objective (the external realm's) existence. Phenomena, appearance. Thing(s), affairs. That which is apprehended and discerned by the mind and sense-organs. The term generally refers to the objects that give rise to the cognitive activity of the six organs; thus the six objective realms (˜Z‹« (liu jing). Since these are what defile the human mind, the term (o) or "dust" is also used interchangeably with ‹« (visaya, gocara, artha). (2) Object(s) of cognition. The objects of value judgments; synonymous. with suoqu ŠŽζ. (3) The objects of the five faculties, thus a reference to the five objective realms. When the mind-objects are added, there are six realms, as mentioned above. (4) The discernment of the Buddha's dharma, the object of excellent wisdom. (5) Mental state or condition; sphere, viewpoint. (6) In Consciousness-only theory the three kinds of objects that are discriminated by their qualities. These are: 'real objects' (xingjing «‹«); 'image-only objects' (duyingjing ΰΥ‰e‹«); and 'archetypal objects' (daizhi ›ζŽΏ). (7) World, realm. Objective realm. (8) Boundary, limit, frontier, environment, circumstances (aalambana). [Dictionary References] naka238b [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‹«γ [py] jing4 shang4 [wg] ching-shang [ko] kyôngsang [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒE kyoujou ||| Within the world. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‹«’n [py] jing4di4 [wg] ching-ti [ko] kyôngji [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒ` kyouchi ||| Condition, state, situation, circumstance; stage, level. k“ρα‹`HPC 1.795b24l [Credit] acm(entry)

‹«’q [py] jing4zhi4 [wg] ching-chih [ko] kyôngchi [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒ` kyouchi ||| "Objective wisdom." The function of the cognition of the objective world.(j~neya-j~naana) [Dictionary References] naka239b [Credit] acm(entry)

‹«ŠE [py] jing4jie4 [wg] ching-chieh [ko] kyônggye [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒJƒC kyoukai ||| (1) Sphere, state, viewpoint (visaya, gocara). (2) Object(s) perceived by the sensory and perceptive organs. The sphere of cognition. (visaya, j~neya). (3) Sphere, realm, place. (4) Feeling, sensation, mood. Mental state. Condition, state, situation. (5) The resultant condition each being ends up in according to their actions: 'fruit,' 'reward,' '-hood.' (6) One's area of specialization; one's own limits. [Dictionary References] naka238c [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‹«ŠEˆ€ [py] jing4jie4ai4 [wg] ching-chieh-ai [ko] kyônggyeae [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒKƒCƒAƒC kyougaiai ||| The attachment to the things around oneself, such as one's family, household and possessions that one experiences especially as one approaches the moment of death. One of three kinds of attachment ŽOˆ€. k“ρα‹`HPC 1.796c15l [Dictionary References] naka239a [Credit] acm(entry)

‹«‹σŽ―—L [py] jing4kong1 shi4you3 [wg] ching-k'ung shih-yu [ko] kyônggong sigyu [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒNƒEƒVƒLƒE kyoukuushikiu ||| The "objective realm is empty, consciousness exists." [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‹«Ž―‹δŸ‘ [py] jing4shi4 ju4in3 [wg] ching-shin chu-min [ko] kyôngsik kumin [ja] ƒLƒ‡ƒEƒVƒLƒOƒrƒ“ kyoushiki gumin ||| "Object and consciousness are both denied." [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character ‘ in CJKDict
‘ [py] zeng1 [wg] tseng [ko] chûng [ja] ƒ]ƒE zou ||| (1) To accelerate, increase, enlarge, enhance, augment (vrddhi, abhyudaya, pravardhita, vivardhana). (2) Elevated, exalted. Superb, superior, surpassing, excellent. (3) Above, beyond. Extra, excess, surplus. (4) Attached, annexed, affiliated; dependent, auxiliary. (6) Unimpeding (‘γ). (7) The eight hells that become increasingly more painful. [Dictionary References] 880d [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘ˆκˆ’ŠάγS [py] Zeng1yi1 a1han2 jing1 [wg] Tseng-i a-han ching [ko] Chûngil ahamgyông [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒCƒ`ƒAƒKƒ“ƒLƒ‡ƒE Zouichi agonkyou ||| Zengyi ahan jing; Skt. Ekottara-aagama-suutra. 'Increased by One Aagama Sutras ': one of the four collections of sutras in the Aagama division; 51 fasc., tr. by Gautama-samghadeva αΨ“ά‘m‰Ύ’ρ in 397. T 125.2.549a-830b. This collection has 52 chapters, containing 451 sutras in all. Subjects expounded are numbered from one to eleven and the sutras are grouped according to their contents. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘γ [py] zeng1shang4 [wg] tseng-shang [ko] chûngsang [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒE zoujou ||| (aadhipatya). (1) To accelerate, increase, develop. (2) Superior, dominant, surpassing, extreme. (3) Mainly; unimpededly. Unimpeding. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘γ‰Κ [py] zeng1shang4 guo3 [wg] tseng-shang-kuo [ko] chûngsanggwa [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒEƒJ zoujouka ||| (adhipati-phala); 'dominant effects.' The secondary causes that work with the main cause are called "dominant conditions", and the results of these are called dominant effects. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘γ‰ [py] zeng1shang4 yuan2 [wg] tseng-shang-yüan [ko] chûngsangyôn [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒEƒGƒ“ zoujouen ||| (adhipati-pratyaya). One of the "four causes" [siyuan Žl‰] in Consciousness-only theory. It refers to 'conditions related to the absence or presence of empowerment.' All the causes that aid the main causes of the production of existences [—L—Ν], plus the conditions that, though not directly contributing to the cause, are of the nature of 'not impeding' [–³—Ν]. Therefore, for all occasions, when one thing is produced, there are various influencing and controlling factors. These are called the 'causes beyond direct empowerment.' [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘‰v [py] zeng1yi4 [wg] tseng-i [ko] chûng'ik [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒGƒL zouyaku ||| (1) To increase, enlarge, enhance. (2) To mistakenly cognize and posit something that is in reality non-existent. to commit oneself to some kind of objective composite. (3) To bring good fortune; to cause things to flourish, thrive, prosper. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘· [py] zeng1sheng4 [wg] tseng-sheng [ko] chûngsông [ja] ƒ\ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒE soujou ||| To increase, enlarge, develop, gain in power, be energized. (Skt. udrika; Pali vuddhi) k“ρα‹`HPC 1.797al [Dictionary References] naka882d [Credit] acm(entry)

‘i [py] zeng1jin4 [wg] tseng-chin [ko] chûngjin [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒVƒ“ zoushin ||| To enlarge and develop; grow and advance; to accelerate. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

‘’· [py] zeng1zhang3 [wg] tseng-chang [ko] chûngjang [ja] ƒ]ƒEƒWƒ‡ƒE zoujou ||| (1) To increase, enlarge, broaden (vrddhi). (2) To reinforce, strengthen, develop. (3) To enliven. (4) To become superior or predominant. (5) The condition of completion of karmic reward. (6) To take out, lead out, bring out. (7) Enhancement of one's influence and power, therefore, pride. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

See the character šΣ in CJKDict
šΣ [py] huai4 [wg] huai [ko] koe [ja] ƒGAƒJƒC e, kai ||| To ruin, to spoil, destroy, wipe out. To be changed and destroyed (naa`saa, haani, bheda, vigayama, naa`sana). (2) The destruction of the universe. (3) Demolition, collapse (vinaa`sayati). (4) To theoretically defeat or destroy (hata). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

šΣ‹κ [py] huai4ku3 [wg] huai-k'u [ko] koeko [ja] ƒGƒN eku ||| The suffering that people experience when they lose things that they are attached to. Literally, the suffering of destruction. kΰο‰Ύ˜_T 1579.30.523cl [Dictionary References] naka107c [Credit] acm(entry)

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