由旬 [py] you2xun2 [wg] yu-hsün [ko] yusun [ja] ユジュン yujun ||| A transliteration of the Sanskrit yojana, an Indian measure of distance. Depending upon the source, either seven or nine miles, the distance appropriate for one day's travel for an emperor. According to A.L. Basham, in his The Wonder that was India:

"The commonest table [of measurements], omitting microscopic measurements was:

8 yava (barleycorns) = 1 angula (finger's breadth, 3/4 of an inch)
12 angulas = 1 vitasti (span, 9 inches)
2 vitastis = 1 hasta or aratni (cubit, 18 inches)
4 hastas = 1 da.n.da (rod) or dhanus (bow, 6 feet)
2,000 dhanus = 1 kro'sa (cry) or goruta (cow-call, 2 1/4 miles)
4 kro'sas = 1 yojana (stage, 9 miles approximately)

"Though most sources give the kro'sa (in modern Indian languages kos) as of 2,000 da.n.das the Artha'saastra gives it as only 1,000, the yojana, which was the commonest measure of long distances in ancient India, being thus of only 4 1/2 miles. It is therefore clear that there were at least two yojanas, and distances as given in texts are thus very unreliable. It would seem that for practical purposes the shorter yojana was more often used than the longer, especially in earlier times." [from an e-mail post on Buddha-L by Joseph Crea]

界外 [py] jie4wai4 [wg] chieh-wai [ko] kyôe [ja] カイゲ kaige ||| (1) Outside the gate (as in the Lotus Sutra 's parable of the burning house). (2) Outside of regulations. (3) That which is outside the three realms 三界. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

留礙 [py] liu2ai4 [wg] liu-ai [ko] yuae [ja] ルゲ ruge ||| To hinder, block, stop up. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

畜生 [py] chu4sheng1 [wg] ch'u-sheng [ko] ch'uksaeng [ja] チクショウ chikushou ||| Rebirth as an animal (tiryag-yoni). One of the six destinies 六道, one of the three evil destinies 三惡趣, one of the ten realms 十界. This rebirth occurs due to a predominance of mistaken activity in one's prior lifetime, due mostly to foolishness. 〔菩薩善戒經T 1582.30.961b2〕 [Dictionary References] naka955d [Credit] acm(entry)

畢竟 [py] bi4jing4 [wg] pi-ching [ko] p'ilgyông [ja] ヒッキョウ hikkyou ||| (atyanta). (1) Absolute, (2) Final, most, the limit. After all, finally, in the long run. (3) Positively, decidedly, absolutely. (4) Again, in conclusion (punar). (5) Necessarily. (6) Enlightenment. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

畢竟不生 [py] bi4jing4 bu4sheng1 [wg] pi-ching pu-sheng [ko] p'ilgyông pulsaeng [ja] ヒッキョウフショウ hikkyoufushou ||| "Absolute non-arising;" a description of the condition of absolute reality. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

略釋新華嚴經修行次第決疑論 [py] Lue4shi4 xin1hua1yan2jing1 xiu1xing2ci4di4 jue2yi2 lun4 [wg] Lüeh-shih hsin Huayan ching hsiu-hsing tz'u-ti chüeh-i lun [ko] Yaksôk sinhwaômgyông suhaengch'aje kyôlûi non [ja] リャクシャクシンケゴンキョウシュコウシダイケチギロン Ryakushaku shinkegonkyou shugyoushidai ketsugi ron ||| Lueshi xin Huayan jing xiuxing cidi jueyi lun; , by Li Tongxuan 李通玄. T 1741.36.1011c-1049c. [Credit] acm(entry)

異熟 [py] yi4shou2 [wg] i-shu [ko] isuk [ja] イジュク ijuku ||| 'variant maturation.' (1) The variance in times and types of karmic maturation or fruition (Skt. vipaaka, vaipaakya, Tib. rnam par smin). The deviation of results (karmic fruits) in relation to the quality of their causes. The fact that good and evil fruits can seem to have neutral, or even opposite results. (2) The separation between causes and their fruition through succeeding worlds, or time. (3) The results of activity; the results of moral intention. The various results of good and evil actions. (Pali: phala). (4) "Already matured fruits" of karmic activity. (5) According to Consciousness-only theory, the natural fruition of the latent power of good and evil activities (karma). (6) The term is used especially in reference to the aalayavij~naana 阿頼耶識. In the Chengweishi lun 成唯識論, the variant maturation of the aalaya is distinguished from that of other consciousnesses, since the latter are actually produced from the former. 〔有部律, T vol. 23, p. 647c; 集異門論, T vol. 26, p. 369c.; 成唯識論, T vol. 31, p. 1a.; 瑜伽論T 1579.30.290c23〕 (7) A reference to unenlightened activity wherein one bases one's activities on knowledge of worldly phenomena instead of knowledge of reality. [Dictionary References] naka36a [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異熟愚 [py] yi4shu2yu2 [wg] i-shu-yü [ko] isug'u [ja] イジュクグ ijukugu ||| Folly in regard to one's understanding of mundane phenomena, which results in the production of evil karma. 〔對法論T 1606.31.728c9〕 [Credit] acm(entry)

異熟果 [py] yi4 shou2guo3 [wg] i-shou-kuo [ko] isuggwa [ja] イジュクカ ijukuka ||| The unusual or impossible case where the quality of the effect is different from that of the cause. A result which is of a different nature from its cause. [Dictionary References] naka36b [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異熟識 [py] yi4 shou2 shi4 [wg] i-shou-shih [ko] isuksik [ja] イジュクシキ ijukushiki ||| The consciousness which brings various kinds of karmas to fruition. A connotative term for the aalaya-vij~naana (vipaaka-vij~naana). Also see 三能變. [Dictionary References] naka36b [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異生 [py] yi4sheng1 [wg] i-sheng [ko] isaeng [ja] イショウ ishou ||| (1) 'Worldling,''ordinary person.' The ideograph i 異 means to differ, or to vary. Therefore this term, which literally means "different birth," or "different existence," is explained as (a) the ordinary person "differing" from the sage, or (b) the fact that an ordinary person, due to his/her good and evil acts, is reborn into various existences, such as heaven, hell, hungry ghost, etc. (2) Worldly, profane. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異生性 [py] yi4 sheng1xing4 [wg] i-sheng-hsing [ko] isaengsông [ja] イショウショウ ishoushou ||| (prthagjanatva). The 'nature of ordinary people.' 異生 (yisheng) means ordinary person, or 'worldling.' (1) One of the 24 elements not concomitant with mind 心不相應行法 in Consciousness-only theory. From the first of the ten bodhisattva-ground stages, the adept practitioner cuts off the seeds of the deluded view of the three worlds, and possesses the undefiled saintly nature. Nonetheless, when a sage gives rise to the worldly mind and it becomes manifest, it is not different from the mind of an ordinary person; yet the worldling differs from the sage in that he possesses the seeds of deluded view. This 'worldling-nature' is something bound to transmigration and provisionally based on the seeds of defilement. (2) The inability to gain access to the path of the sages. (3) A term for the seeds of defilement in regular people. According to Consciousness-only theory, in the case of those of bodhisattva nature and undetermined nature, these are the seeds of the two hindrances of the hindrance by the known and hindrance due to defilement, while in the case of those possessing the nature of `sraavaka and pratyekabuddha, it refers only to the seeds of hindrance due to defilement. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異相 [py] yi4xiang4 [wg] i-hsiang [ko] isang [ja] イソウ isou ||| 'Difference', 'differentiation.' (1) "Changing;" One of the four stages that the course of all existences, from their arising to their extinction, are divided into. One of The 'four marks of conditioned existence' 四有爲相. (2) The appearance, or manifestation of difference. When all things are each seen individually, there are discernable differences (see 六相) (paraspara) (Lankaavataara-suutra). (3) The 'differentiated aspect' 別異相. Despite the fact that both the enlightened world of pure existences and the world of defiled existences produced by ignorance have true thusness/original enlightenment as their essence, illusory distinctions are produced through the defiled mind of sentient beings. Also called "discriminated aspect", and "arising and ceasing aspect" (Awakening of Faith). (4) The appearance of possessing characteristics (Wu-chiao chang). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

異類 [py] yi4lei4 [wg] i-lei [ko] iryu [ja] イルイ irui ||| Ａ"different type of being" or "different types of beings." From a human standpoint, beings such as animals or hungry ghosts; or any of the other five (or six) destinies. (2) People who vary in basic constitution. (3) Difference; to differ. [Dictionary References] naka38C [Credit] acm(entry)

當常 [py] dang1chang2 [wg] tang-ch'ang [ko] tangsang [ja] トウジョウ toujou ||| The "future constant." The possession of Buddha nature by all sentient beings. (Nirvaana Sutra) [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

當情 [py] dang1 qing2 [wg] tang-ch'ing [ko] tangjông [ja] トウジョウ toujou ||| 'Common sense', 'habituated thought'; manifested subsequent to belief in the reality of form, mind and sentient beings. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

當情現相 [py] dang1qing2 xian4xiang1 [wg] tang-ching-hsien-hsiang [ko] tangjônghyônsang [ja] トウジョウゲンソウ toujougensou ||| The deludedly cognized world which is manifest on the basis of people's mistaken attachment. The aspect of existence is also called bianjisuozhixing 遍計所執性. "Habitually manifest aspect." [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

當生 [py] dang1sheng1 [wg] tang-sheng [ko] tangsaeng [ja] トウショウ toushou ||| The next life; one's coming lifetime. [Dictionary References] naka1006b [Credit] acm(entry)

當生愛 [py] dang1sheng1ai4 [wg] tang-sheng-ai [ko] tangsaeng'ae [ja] トウショウアイ toushouai ||| The feeling of attachment toward the coming life that one gives rise to as one approaches the moment of death in this life. One of three kinds of attachment 三愛. [Dictionary References] naka1006b [Credit] acm(entry)