群品 [py] qun2 pin3 [wg] ch'ün-p'in [ko] kunp'um [ja] グンボン gunbon ||| All kinds of sentient beings (群生). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

群盲 [py] qun2 mang2 [wg] ch'ün-mang [ko] kunmang [ja] グンモウ gunmou ||| Blind masses; blind populace, who need religious instruction. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

義士 [py] yi4shi4 [wg] i-shih [ko] ûisa [ja] ギシ gishi ||| "Righteous monk(s)." The named applied to those Korean monks who formed an army in resistance to the Japanese invasion of the Korean peninsula by the army of Hideyoshi Toyotomi 秀吉豊臣. The effort of this monks' army was a critical factor in the eventual expulsion of the Japanese invaders. [Credit] acm(entry)

義天 [py] Yi4tian1 [wg] I-t'ien [ko] Ûich'ôn [ja] ギテン Giten ||| Ûich'ôn; one of the major Korean scholar-monks of the mid-Koryô. His major area of expertise was in Hwaôm, but he ended up becoming most famous for being a transmitter of the Ch'ônt'ae tradition in Korea. He was one of the Koryô's most famous advocates of Sôn/Kyo unity. Ûich'ôn was the fourth son of a devout Buddhist king, and entered the sangha at a young age. Like most other early Koryô monks, he began his studies in Buddhism with Hwaôm. He later traveled to China, where he studied under a number of leading masters from a variety of lineages, including Ch'an, Hua-yen, Vinaya, Pure Land and Tiantai. Returning to Korea, Ûich'ôn very actively spread the Ch'ônt'ae teaching, believing that it, as a balanced system, provided a viable solution to the heated Sôn/Kyo debate which surrounded him at the time. Ultimately, however, his negative attitude towards Sôn undermined his efforts to accommodate Sôn adherents, and he died fairly young without accomplishing his mission. Among his most important works are his histories and catalogues of Buddhist texts, which have been an invaluable source for later scholars. [Dictionary References] ZGD204c [Credit] acm(entry)

義沾 [py] Yi4zhan1 [wg] I-chan [ko] Ûich'ôm [ja] ギセン Gisen ||| Ûich'ôm (1746-1796) Chosôn Sôn monk; prolific writer who composed commentaries on the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment 圓覺經, Awakening of Mahaayaana Faith 大乘起信論, `Suura.mgama-sutra 首楞嚴經, Huayan jing 華嚴經, and Diamond Sutra 金剛經, as well as a number of other Chan related anthologies. [Credit] acm(entry)

義淨 [py] Yi4jing4 [wg] I-ching [ko] Ûijông [ja] ギジョウ Gijou ||| Yijing (635-713) A Tang period monk originally from Shantung . Inspired by the accomplishments of such monks as Hsüan-tsang 玄奘 and Faxian, he traveled to India to study Buddhism. During his 25 year stay, he traveled through more than thirty states, gathering many Sanskrit texts. Later, after his return to China, he translated some 50 texts in 230 fascicles, concentrating particularly on Sarvaastivaada 説一切有 and Vinaya 戒律 works. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

義湘 [py] Yi4xiang1 [wg] I-hsiang [ko] Ûisang [ja] ギショウ Gishou ||| Ûisang (625-702) One of the most eminent early Silla scholar-monks, a close friend of Wônhyo 元曉. He traveled to China, studying at Mt. Zhongnan as a student of the influential Huayan master Zhiyan 智儼 and as a senior colleague of Fazang 法藏. He became an expert in Huayan 華嚴 doctrine and was the founder of the Korean Hwaôm school. He was famous as a temple builder. Most well-known among his writings is the Hwaôm ilsûng pôpkye to (Chart of the Avata.msaka Single Vehicle Dharmadhaatu) 華嚴一乘法界圖. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

義淵 [py] Yi4yuan1 [wg] I-yen [ko] Ûiyôn [ja] ギエン Gien ||| Gien, A master of the Hossou 法相 sect in Japan. He was abandoned in infancy but found and taken to a palace of Emperor Tenchi, where he was raised. He entered the priesthood by imperial order and studied Hossou under Chihou of the Gangouji in Nara. In 703 he was invested with the title of Soujou and died in 728. His disciples include Gyouji and Rouben. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)